Andy Warhol: influences, peers and legacy

Every connection with its receipt

Warhol is filed here under music because of what he did to rock: he put The Velvet Underground inside a light show, signed a banana onto their sleeve, and made record covers part of a Pop practice that began with Duchamp's readymades and Pittsburgh commercial art. This mix maps the painter, the filmmaker, and the impresario at once — the avant-garde undergrounds he raided, the Factory partners who did the work, and the pop stars who turned him into a subject.

The Kynda mix for Andy Warhol

• Key Influence · Fountain by Marcel Duchamp (1917). The readymade is Warhol's founding permission: if a signed urinal is art, so is a Campbell's can painted without irony. Warhol knew Duchamp's work closely in New York — Duchamp's 1963 Pasadena retrospective was the Pop generation's touchstone, and Warhol later screen-tested him at the Factory. Duchamp's indifference, his delegation of labor, and his cultivation of persona over handmade touch all run directly into the Factory's assembly-line method.','
• Influencia Obscura · Flaming Creatures by Jack Smith (1963). Smith's seized, prosecuted underground film was the aesthetic shock that pushed Warhol toward cinema and gave him his idea of a 'superstar' — glamour improvised out of thrift-shop drag and ruin. Warhol attended Smith's performances, cast him in 'Batman Dracula' (1964), and borrowed his method of letting non-actors ramble on camera. Mario Montez came to the Factory straight from Smith's orbit, carrying that sensibility into Warhol's films.
• Local Roots · Walden: Diaries, Notes and Sketches by Jonas Mekas (1969). Mekas was the engine of the New York underground Warhol entered in 1963: as Film-Makers' Cooperative founder and Village Voice columnist he screened 'Sleep' and 'Empire', defended them in print, and even helped shoot footage for 'Empire'. 'Walden' is his own diary-film practice of unedited duration and friends-as-subjects, built from the same Lower Manhattan scene, with Factory faces drifting through its frames.
• Beyond the Medium · Other Voices, Other Rooms by Truman Capote (1948). Warhol's first obsession was Capote: as a young illustrator he wrote fan letters, loitered outside Capote's New York building, and his 1952 debut gallery show at Hugo Gallery consisted of drawings based on Capote's writing. The novel's languid Southern decadence mattered less than the author photo — a beautiful young writer selling himself as a celebrity. That lesson in self-mythology shaped Warhol's whole persona, and he later tape-recorded Capote for Interview.
• Peer · Whaam! by Roy Lichtenstein (1963). Warhol abandoned his hand-painted comic-strip pictures after dealer Ivan Karp showed him Lichtenstein's — the famous moment of ceding territory that pushed him toward soup cans and silkscreens. The two were the twin poles of American Pop at Leo Castelli's gallery and in the 1962 'New Realists' survey, both converting commercial printing's dots and brand graphics into monumental painting while refusing to editorialize about it.
• From the Canon · Campbell's Soup Cans by Andy Warhol (1962). Thirty-two canvases, one per variety, shown on a shelf at Los Angeles's Ferus Gallery — the work that broke Warhol's career and set every rule he'd follow: serial repetition, a subject chosen for its banality, display borrowed from the supermarket. Handmade before he adopted silkscreen, it marks the hinge between illustrator and Pop machine, and it established the deadpan refusal to say whether he loved or mocked the thing he painted.
• Key Collaborator · The Velvet Underground & Nico by The Velvet Underground (1967). Warhol managed the band, credited himself as producer, insisted Nico join over Lou Reed's objections, and gave the record its peelable banana. His real contribution was protection and permission — studio time, no interference with 'Heroin' or 'Venus in Furs', and the Exploding Plastic Inevitable tour that put the group inside his films and strobes. The album is the single clearest case of Warhol's patronage as an artistic act.
• Legacy · Hunky Dory by David Bowie (1971). Bowie wrote 'Andy Warhol' for this album and played it for the man himself at the Factory in 1971 — Warhol reportedly hated it, admiring only the shoes. The whole Ziggy project runs on Warholian premises: persona as product, a touring entourage styled like a Factory, the plastic-soul idea of sincerity as costume. Bowie later played Warhol in 'Basquiat', closing the loop on the most direct pop-music transmission of the Factory ethos.

What influenced Andy Warhol

• Yayoi Kusama (1929). States Kusama influenced Warhol. (also via Cow Wallpaper) “Andy Warhol remarked on the exhibit, and not long after covered the walls of an exhibit space with photos of a cow, for which he drew significant attention.” (Wikipedia)
• Chanel No. 5 by Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel (1921). Ads: Chanel (Andy Warhol) — legacy for Chanel No. 5 (via Ads: Chanel) “Chanel's No. 5 became an icon of the twentieth century in its own right, inspiring Warhol to feature the work in his Ads series.” (Halcyon Gallery)
• The Immortal by Walter Ross. Warhol submitted a cover design for Ross’s novel. “The US edition’s jacket featured artwork by Warhol; however, this UK edition featured in the publicity shoot for David Bowie’s Diamond Dogs album (1974).” (Lycanthia Rare Books)
• Dos Cabezas by Jean-Michel Basquiat. Warhol describes the origin of Basquiat's painting Dos Cabezas based on his Polaroid photo of them. “I took a Polaroid and he went home and within two hours a painting was back, still wet, of him and me together.” (Wikipedia)
• Prince (1958). Warhol made visual art depicting Prince, a cross-medium connection. “pop artist Andy Warhol created the painting Orange Prince” (Wikipedia)
• Fountain by Marcel Duchamp (1917). Fountain (Marcel Duchamp) — titan for Andy Warhol “His definition of the art coefficient, "an arithmatic relationship between the unexpressed but intended and the unintentionally expressed", laid the groundwork for a more recent generation of artists working through appropriation art, su…” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Other Voices, Other Rooms by Truman Capote (1948). Other Voices, Other Rooms (Truman Capote) — culture for Andy Warhol “Around this time, Warhol met gallerist Alexander Iolas, who organized his first solo exhibition, Andy Warhol: Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote, at the Hugo Gallery in New York in 1952.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Ben Shahn. Lisanby reported that Warhol wanted to follow Shahn’s example in television work. “Lisanby said that Warhol was interested in his television work and wanted to follow artists such as Ben Shahn who occasionally worked in the medium.” (Wikipedia)
• Young Man Smoking a Cigarette by Edward Wallowitch. Warhol used Wallowitch’s photograph for a book-cover design. “Warhol used Wallowitch's photograph Young Man Smoking a Cigarette ( c. 1956 ) [ 64 ] to design for a book cover he submitted to Simon and Schuster” (Wikipedia)
• Muriel Flatow. Warhol accepted Flatow’s suggestion to make money his subject. “Determined to create something more distinctive and impactful, he accepted Flatow's tongue-in-cheek suggestion—offered in exchange for $50—that he focus on what he liked most: money.” (Wikipedia)
• Floriano Vecchi. Vecchi taught Warhol the basics of silkscreen printing. “Seeking technical guidance, he turned to Floriano Vecchi of Tiber Press, who introduced him to the basics of silkscreen printing —transferring designs onto acetate, preparing screens, and pulling ink with a squeegee.” (Wikipedia)
• Walt Disney by Walt Disney. Asked which artist first influenced him, Warhol names Disney and specifies Snow White. “It must have been Walt Disney. I cut out Walt Disney dolls. It was actually Snow White that influenced me.” (Interview)
• Salvador Dalí (1904). The article says Warhol proclaimed Dalí an important influence. “In Dalí's later years, young artists such as Andy Warhol proclaimed him an important influence on pop art .” (Wikipedia)
• Flag by Jasper Johns (1954). Flag (Jasper Johns) — titan for Andy Warhol “The next year, Warhol formed The Druds, a short-lived avant-garde noise band that included figures from the New York minimal art and proto-conceptual art scenes, including Larry Poons, La Monte Young, Walter De Maria, Jasper Johns, Claes…” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Bed by Robert Rauschenberg (1955). Bed (Robert Rauschenberg) — titan for Andy Warhol “In his book Popism, he recalled Emile de Antonio explaining that his flamboyance early in his career set him apart from closeted artists like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg: "you're too swish and that upsets them… major painters tr…” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Flaming Creatures by Jack Smith (1963). Flaming Creatures (Jack Smith) — ghost for Andy Warhol (themoviedb.org)
• The Paper Snake by Ray Johnson (1965). The Paper Snake (Ray Johnson) — ghost for Andy Warhol “He had met Andy Warhol by 1956; both designed several book covers for New Directions and other publishers.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage (1961). Silence: Lectures and Writings (John Cage) — culture for Andy Warhol (wikidata.org)
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452). Thirty Are Better Than One (Andy Warhol) — legacy for Leonardo da Vinci (via Thirty Are Better Than One) “The paradox of using a pattern designed to conceal its subject appears to have appealed to him as he incorporated it into several series in 1986, including Statues of Liberty, Self-Portraits, and Last Supper, based on Leonardo da Vinci's…” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Valentine by Ronald Firbank (1924). Valentine (Ronald Firbank) — culture for Andy Warhol
• Jean Cocteau. Warhol is named among artists influenced by Cocteau.

Peers and kindred spirits

• Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960). Documents a sustained artistic collaboration between Basquiat and Warhol. (also via The Andy Warhol Diaries, Dos Cabezas) “In September 1985, Warhol's joint exhibition with Basquiat, Paintings , opened to negative reviews at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery.” (Wikipedia)
• Halston. States Halston socialized with Andy Warhol at Studio 54. (also via Interview) “a regular they're hanging out with friends like andy warhol in macon bianca jagger” (WPLN News Archive (public broadcasting))
• The Velvet Underground by The Velvet Underground. Warhol served as nominal producer of the band's debut album. (also via Chelsea Girls, The Velvet Underground & Nico) “He helped the band secure a recording contract with MGM's Verve Records, with himself as nominal " producer ", and gave the Velvets free rein over the sound they created.” (Wikipedia)
• Nico by Nico. Nico modeled dresses that Warhol painted during a live demonstration. (also via Chelsea Girl) “During a live demonstration at the store, Warhol painted two dresses using Nico as his model; the dresses were donated to the Brooklyn Museum .” (Wikipedia)
• Keith Haring by Keith Haring (1958). Warhol and Haring jointly designed a festival poster. (also via Marilyn Diptych, Untitled (Boom for Real) / Crack Is Wack) “Haring collaborated with Warhol to design the poster for the 1986 Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland.” (Wikipedia)
• The Velvet Underground & Nico by The Velvet Underground (1967). The Velvet Underground & Nico (The Velvet Underground) — collaborator for Andy Warhol “As the band's manager, Warhol also financed their debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967).” (Wikipedia)
• Edward Wallowitch. Warhol used Wallowitch’s photographic prints in his drawings. (also via Young Man Smoking a Cigarette) “Using prints by Edward Wallowitch , the photographs would undergo a subtle transformation during Warhol's often cursory tracing of contours and hatching of shadows.” (Wikipedia)
• Paul Morrissey. Warhol and Morrissey jointly created a multimedia performance space. (also via Trash) “Warhol and filmmaker Paul Morrissey subleased the venue on St. Mark's Place for a month and transformed it into an immersive multimedia performance space.” (Wikipedia)
• John Wilcock. Warhol and Wilcock founded Interview together. (also via Interview) “Warhol and British journalist John Wilcock founded Interview magazine in the fall of 1969.” (Wikipedia)
• Sticky Fingers by Above & Beyond. Warhol devised and photographed the cover of the Rolling Stones’ album. “The band's first album released on their own label was Sticky Fingers in March 1971. The cover, designed by Andy Warhol , [ 169 ] shows a man from the waist down in tight jeans with a functioning zipper” (Wikipedia)
• Duke Ellington by Duke Ellington (1899). Warhol made backdrops for Ellington’s television performance. “In 1955, Warhol created illustrated backdrops for a television performance by jazz bandleader Duke Ellington on the CBS program Music '55 .” (Wikipedia)
• Gerard Malanga by Gerard Malanga. Malanga assisted Warhol with silkscreens and films. “During this period, poet Gerard Malanga assisted him with the production of silkscreens and films at the Factory, which was covered in aluminium foil and silver paint by Billy Name in 1964.” (Wikipedia)
• Bob Dylan. Dylan sat for one of Warhol's Screen Tests. (also via Double Elvis) “Dylan's friend Barbara Rubin arranged for him to sit for one of Andy Warhol 's Screen Tests .” (Wikipedia)
• The Store by Claes Oldenburg (1961). The Store (Claes Oldenburg) — geography for Andy Warhol “After seeing Claes Oldenburg 's storefront installation The Store in December 1961, Warhol returned home frustrated, telling friends Ted Carey and Muriel Flatow that his comic-strip paintings no longer felt original enough.” (Wikipedia)
• Basquiat–Warhol Paintings exhibition. Documents the joint exhibition and collaborative relationship between Basquiat and Warhol. “Their joint exhibition, Paintings, at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery, caused a rift in their friendship after it was panned by critics, and Basquiat was called Warhol's "mascot".” (Wikipedia)
• Merce Cunningham (1919). Andy Warhol collaborated with Cunningham's company. “Other artists who have collaborated with MCDC include Daniel Arsham , Tacita Dean , Liz Phillips , Rei Kawakubo , Roy Lichtenstein , Bruce Nauman , Ernesto Neto , Frank Stella , Benedetta Tagliabue , and Andy Warhol .” (Wikipedia)
• Whaam! by Roy Lichtenstein (1963). Whaam! (Roy Lichtenstein) — peer for Andy Warhol “When Karp introduced him to Leo Castelli, Castelli declined, feeling Warhol's work was too close to that of Roy Lichtenstein and concern over potential conflicts within his roster.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• F-111 by James Rosenquist (1965). F-111 (James Rosenquist) — peer for Andy Warhol “Dealer Allan Stone took several works on consignment and offered Warhol a three-man exhibition alongside Robert Indiana and James Rosenquist, but all three artists declined, each holding out for a solo show.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Chelsea Girl by Nico (1967). Chelsea Girl (Nico) — collaborator for Andy Warhol “As the band's manager, Warhol also financed their debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967).” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Trash by Paul Morrissey (1970). Trash (Paul Morrissey) — collaborator for Andy Warhol “Warhol and filmmaker Paul Morrissey subleased the venue on St.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Pop Art. Warhol is identified as a leading figure in Pop Art. “A leading figure in the pop art movement, his work explores the relationship between advertising , consumerism , mass media , and celebrity culture .” (Wikipedia)
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Coplans compares Warhol’s shoe drawings with Toulouse-Lautrec’s sophistication. “He somehow gave each shoe a temperament of its own, a sort of sly, Toulouse-Lautrec kind of sophistication, but the shape and the style came through accurately” (Wikipedia)
• Julia Warhola. Warhol incorporated Julia Warhola’s calligraphy into his drawings. “He frequently incorporated calligraphy by his mother, Julia Warhola, to accompany his drawings.” (Wikipedia)
• Roy Lichtenstein. Castelli considered Warhol’s work too close to Lichtenstein’s. “When Karp introduced him to Leo Castelli , Castelli declined, feeling Warhol's work was too close to that of Roy Lichtenstein and concern over potential conflicts within his roster.” (Wikipedia)
• The Druds. Warhol formed the band The Druds. “The next year, Warhol formed The Druds , a short-lived avant-garde noise band that included figures from the New York minimal art and proto- conceptual art scenes” (Wikipedia)
• Billy Name. Billy Name transformed Warhol’s Factory studio with foil and silver paint. “poet Gerard Malanga assisted him with the production of silkscreens and films at the Factory, which was covered in aluminium foil and silver paint by Billy Name in 1964.” (Wikipedia)
• Man on the Moon. Warhol designed sets for the musical. “Warhol designed the sets for the Broadway musical Man on the Moon by John Philips of the Mamas & the Papas , which opened in January 1975 at the Little Theatre in New York.” (Wikipedia)
• Jamie Wyeth. Warhol and Wyeth participated in a reciprocal portrait commission. “In 1976, Warhol and painter Jamie Wyeth were commissioned to paint each other's portraits by the Coe Kerr Gallery in Manhattan.” (Wikipedia)
• New York Academy of Art. Warhol co-founded the New York Academy of Art. “Warhol also co-founded the New York Academy of Art in 1980, an institution dedicated to restoring traditional approaches to artistic training.” (Wikipedia)
• Peter Sellars. Warhol collaborated with Sellars on A No Man Show. “In 1981, Warhol collaborated with Peter Sellars and Lewis Allen on a project titled A No Man Show , a traveling stage production featuring a life-sized animatronic robot modeled after Warhol.” (Wikipedia)
• Lewis Allen. Warhol collaborated with Allen on A No Man Show. “In 1981, Warhol collaborated with Peter Sellars and Lewis Allen on a project titled A No Man Show , a traveling stage production featuring a life-sized animatronic robot modeled after Warhol.” (Wikipedia)
• Bernard Buffet. Critics compare Buffet’s practice with Warhol’s Pop methods. “Art historians and critics have extensively compared the two artists' practices, noting that Buffet prefigured Warhol's Pop methods through his comic-strip ligne claire contours, mass-market merchandise, and seamless integration of high …” (Wikipedia)
• Tiffany & Co.. States that Warhol collaborated with Tiffany on holiday cards. “Andy Warhol collaborated with the company to create Tiffany holiday cards (circa 1956–1962).” (Wikipedia)
• Walden: Diaries, Notes and Sketches by Jonas Mekas (1969). Walden: Diaries, Notes and Sketches (Jonas Mekas) — geography for Andy Warhol “For these efforts, Jonas Mekas awarded Warhol the Independent Film Award in 1964, calling attention to his growing influence in avant-garde cinema.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• The Well-Tuned Piano by La Monte Young (1964). The Well-Tuned Piano (La Monte Young) — geography for Andy Warhol “The next year, Warhol formed The Druds, a short-lived avant-garde noise band that included figures from the New York minimal art and proto-conceptual art scenes, including Larry Poons, La Monte Young, Walter De Maria, Jasper Johns, Claes…” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Marc Jacobs (1963). Interview (Andy Warhol) — geography for Marc Jacobs (via Interview, Marilyn Diptych) (wikidata.org)
• Big Electric Chair by Richard Hamilton (1960). Big Electric Chair (Richard Hamilton) — peer for Andy Warhol

Who Andy Warhol influenced

• Robert Rauschenberg. The article links Rauschenberg's adoption of silkscreening to a visit to Warhol's studio. (also via Campbell's Soup Cans, Bed) “After a visit to Andy Warhol 's studio that year, Rauschenberg began using a silkscreen process, usually reserved for commercial means of reproduction, to transfer photographs to canvas.” (Wikipedia)
• David Bowie (1947). Bowie wrote a direct homage song to Andy Warhol on Hunky Dory. (also via Hunky Dory) “found Bowie paying unusually direct homage to his influences with " Song for Bob Dylan ", " Andy Warhol " and " Queen Bitch ", the latter a Velvet Underground pastiche.” (Wikipedia)
• Corita Kent. The article explicitly identifies Warhol’s work as an inspiration for Kent. (also via Campbell's Soup Cans) “Corita Kent, inspired by the works of Andy Warhol , began using popular culture as raw material for her work in 1962.” (Wikipedia)
• Chantal Akerman (1950). Akerman's exposure to Warhol's work in New York was formative. (also via Empire) “becoming exposed to the works of Andy Warhol , Jonas Mekas , and Michael Snow , with the latter's film La région centrale leading to her view of "time as the most important thing in film."” (Wikipedia)
• Lady Gaga (1986). Warhol’s theatricality is identified as an inspiration for Gaga. (also via The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A to B and Back Again)) “the theatrics of the pop artist Andy Warhol and her own performance roots in musical theater.” (Wikipedia)
• Brian De Palma (1940). Warhol was a named influence on De Palma. “influences as various as drama teacher Wilford Leach , the Maysles brothers , Michelangelo Antonioni , Andy Warhol and Jean-Luc Godard , impressed upon De Palma the many styles and themes that would shape his work” (Wikipedia)
• Kara Walker (1969). Walker names Andy Warhol as an influence, admired since childhood. “Her influences include Andy Warhol , whose art Walker says she admired as a child,” (Wikipedia)
• Reed, Cale. Reed and Cale created a song cycle dedicated to Andy Warhol. “Reed and Cale released Songs for Drella , a song cycle about Andy Warhol, who had died in 1987.” (Wikipedia)
• Hunky Dory by David Bowie. Hunky Dory (David Bowie) — legacy for Andy Warhol “Elsewhere, the album explored more serious subjects, and found Bowie paying unusually direct homage to his influences with "Song for Bob Dylan", "Andy Warhol" and "Queen Bitch", the latter a Velvet Underground pastiche.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Billy Wilder's Marché aux Puces. Bustos in Wilder's exhibited series used a soup-can image in homage to Warhol. “This series featured busts of the Egyptian queen wrapped à la Christo , or splattered à la Jackson Pollock , or sporting a Campbell's soup can in homage to Andy Warhol .” (Wikipedia)
• Andy Mouse. Warhol inspired Haring's Andy Mouse series. “Haring befriended pop artist Andy Warhol, who became his mentor and the inspiration for his 1986 Andy Mouse series.” (Wikipedia)
• Rainforest. Rainforest incorporated Andy Warhol's Silver Clouds as decor. (via Silver Clouds) “1968 Rainforest David Tudor Jasper Johns (uncredited) Richard Nelson Andy Warhol 's Silver Clouds” (Wikipedia)
• Rabbit by Jeff Koons (1986). Rabbit (Jeff Koons) — legacy for Andy Warhol “It was staffed with over 30 assistants, each assigned to a different aspect of producing his work—in a similar mode as Andy Warhol's Factory.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Untitled (Boom for Real) / Crack Is Wack by Keith Haring (1986). Untitled (Boom for Real) / Crack Is Wack (Keith Haring) — legacy for Andy Warhol “He also supported artists in the downtown art scene such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, Kenny Scharf, and Stefano Castronovo.” (en.wikipedia.org)
• Robert Altman. The Chelsea Girls (Andy Warhol) — ghost for Robert Altman (via The Chelsea Girls)